What is new
From oxygen carriage to characterized and controlled oxygen delivery.
Blood is a biological system. Oxygen delivery is a physiological function.
BHOC shifts the question from whether a product can “replace blood” to whether a defined and reproducibly characterized biological hemoglobin oxygen carrier can provide controlled oxygen delivery according to physiological demand.
A BHOC should be characterized by its molecular composition, oxygen-binding and unloading behavior, pharmacology, vascular and redox interactions, pharmacokinetics, purity, stability, and manufacturing controls. The distinction is fundamental: what the product IS → what it is capable of doing → what that specific product has demonstrated clinically.
Precision Oxygen Therapeutics goes further than simply correcting hypoxia. The objective is physiologically appropriate oxygen delivery: where, when, how much, how rapidly, and for how long oxygen support is required.
The goal is not maximal oxygenation, but measurable, controlled and tissue-appropriate oxygen delivery.
Publication update: the BHOC and Precision Oxygen Therapeutics framework is described in the 2026 preprint by Carl W. Rausch and Archil Jaliashvili. Read the publication update →